Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer have become the leading causes of death in Taiwan.Risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases for population in Taiwan are of concerns, and several studieshave documented risk factors associated with these diseases. However, the research on the relationships between physical activity, and serum lipids and blood pressure remains unavailable in Taiwan. Studies in othercountries have well documented the remarkable effect of physical activity in reducing the incidence andprevalence of cardiovascular diseases. This thesis work was to use data obtained from a community-based cardiovascular disease study cohort and to investigate the effect of physical activity on lipoproteins and blood pressure.